airwaves » airways

Classification: English – questionable

Spotted in the wild:

  • LaVallee has found a real need to teach supermarket strategies, particularly with high profit items such as sugar coated cereals promoted continuously over the airways and single serving microwavables stocked high on the grocers, shelves. (Univ. of Rhode Island news release, Apr. 1, 1999)
  • It took Slobodan Milosevic four years of hate propaganda and lies, pumped daily over the airways from Belgrade, before he got one Serb to cross the border into Bosnia and begin the murderous rampages that triggered the war. (Univ. of Pennsylvania, Arts & Sciences newsletter, Fall 2000)
  • As Election Day looms just days away, Al Gore and George W. Bush are making their final pushes over the airways. (Swarthmore Daily Gazette, Nov. 1, 2000)
  • Media Bill opens the airways to worldwide ownership. (The Scotsman, May 9, 2002)
  • This expensive improvement in technology will ensure that beloved shows stay on the air in remote parts of the state, where full-powered religious stations have been granted licenses by the SCC that bump low-powered public translators off the airways. (Utah State Magazine, Summer 2003)
  • Back on the Airways for the First Time in 43 Years. (Johns Hopkins University news release, Oct. 16, 2003)
  • A white New Yorker who bought black station WOKS in Columbus, Ga., was able to use the airways to get civil rights protesters off the street in exchange for brokering a deal with the mayor to integrate city facilities, Ward said. (Univ. of Florida news release, July 14, 2004)
  • Yet that thought no doubt terrifies not just Fox, but every one of the (handful of) networks that now control our airways — which is why Fox’s first response to the Greenwald film was to warn other networks not to take it seriously, or risk “opening (themselves) to having (their) copyrighted material taken out of context for partisan reasons.” (Lawrence Lessig, published in Variety, July 14, 2004)
  • And I, myself, thought we had dodged a bullet. You know why? Because I was listening to people, probably over the airways, say, the bullet has been dodged. (Pres. George W. Bush, press briefing, Sep. 12, 2005)

Analyzed or reported by:

Marked questionable, since _airways_ may be an accepted variant of _airwaves_, arising out of usage in radio broadcasting. The _Oxford English Dictionary_ lists this sense in the entry for _airway_:

3. A radio channel (cf. AIR n.1 1c). U.S.

1934 in M. WESEEN Dict. Amer. Slang xii. 165. 1946 Baltimore Sun 10 Oct. 18/8 By that time a radio broadcaster had appeared with a portable microphone but Ted had nothing for the airways, even after most of the other players had taken their turns at the ‘mike’.

From _Merriam-Webster Collegiate_:

4 : a channel of a designated radio frequency for broadcasting or other radio communication

And from _Random House Unabridged_:

5. airways,
a. the band of frequencies, taken collectively, used by radio broadcasting stations: The news was sent out over the airways immediately.
b. airwaves.

It’s possible, of course, that the ‘radio frequency’ sense of _airway(s)_ started off as an eggcorn which then gained acceptance in some quarters. But it’s notable that many news outlets such as the New York Times chose to “correct” Pres. Bush’s Sep. 12, 2005 usage of _airways_ (as it appears even in the official White House transcript), replacing it with _airwaves_.

[Edit, CW, 2005/10/14: see also _parting of the waves_.]

| Comments Off link | entered by Ben Zimmer, 2005/09/13 |

averse » adverse

Chiefly in:   adverse to

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • They said they were not adverse to giving local people first chance. (Lederer & Dowis, Sleeping Dogs Don't Lay, p. 63)
  • We are not adverse to adding additional accounts as we come across them simply because out of each account a little more is learned. It should also be noted that Clan Chief’s themselves were not adverse to “improving” on their own official histories to make themselves look a little more important or to minimise a particularly sorry part in their clan history. (link)
  • 3) If ResearchBuzz has covered your resource before, please let us know why we should cover it again. We’re not adverse to covering resources more than once, but you need to make a compelling argument as to why it should be done. (link)
  • We’re not adverse to meeting with you and your daughters and sons if that makes sense, though our experience suggests that the prospect of a meeting will appeal more to you than to them. (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • Adam Linville (link)

I heard an NPR reporter say that someone was “adverse to handouts”, and found, amid many legal usages of “adverse to”, some more that replace “averse to.”

[AMZ, 15/16 September 2005: The advice manuals mostly treat “adverse”/”averse” as a simple word confusion, like “flaunt”/”flout” or “militate”/”mitigate”; see, for example, Hatcher & Goddard, The Dirty Dozen: Words Even Smart People Misuse, p. 24. The American Heritage Book of English Usage has an entry that seems to suggest that the substitution can go in either direction. Brians has it; he notes that “averse” is a much rarer word than “adverse”, which would suggest “averse” >> “adverse” as the more likely substitution. Lederer & Dowis speak of “confusion”, but give only the example above, from a Concord (NH) Monitor story quoting a local businesswoman. Finally, Fiske’s Dictionary of Disagreeable English has an entry for incorrect “averse” (i.e. “adverse” >> “averse”), but Fiske notes that “adverse” is sometimes used for “averse”, with a citation of “risk adverse market participants”.

“Averse” is not only (probably) rarer (in text frequency) than “adverse”, but it is also (certainly) more restricted in its collocates, being pretty much limited to “averse to s.t.” and “risk-averse”, while “adverse” can modify a variety of nouns. The raw Google web hits favor “averse” >> “adverse”, with “adverse to” getting something like 1,700,000 hits (many of them, as Burlingham noted, in legal usages like “adverse to their interests”, but there are still a huge number of mistaken occurrences of “adverse to”) and “risk-adverse” getting ca. 127,000, while expressions like “averse reaction”, “averse reactions”, “averse effect”, “averse effects”, “averse weather”, and “averse circumstances” get hits only in the hundreds.

But is either of these substitutions an eggcorn? You can make a case for “averse” >> “adverse”, given the relationship of “adverse” to “adversary” and “adversity”, with a semantic component of opposition that is also present in “averse to”. The case for “adverse” >> “averse” is much weaker.]

| Comments Off link | entered by Ann Burlingham, 2005/09/13 |

co-opt » co-op

Classification: English – final d/t-deletion

Spotted in the wild:

  • Instead of seeing such criticism as an attack against which your assessment efforts must be defended, consider it an opportunity to build a campus culture of assessment. Instead of fighting the critic, try to co-op him or her. (Start Simple: The Value of Simple Assessment Techniques, Bradley E. Cox & E. Rob Stirton May 18, 2005)
  • If you want to try co-oping them into islam, then bring to their attention the merits of what once was a beautiful and peaceful religious philosopy, and that today has become transformed into ugly gangs of murderers parading Jewish body parts around Gaza and howling like mad wolves for the blood of the Jews after some ignorant imam stirs them up at Friday prayers. (Deans's World, comment, May 13, 2004)
  • Part of the extreme challenge of leadership (especially in volunteer organizations) is dealing effectively with the ‘difficult people’ in the organization. John blithely suggests to either ‘co-op’ them, replace them, or get them to quit. (Amazon.com, customer review, September 8, 2005)
  • In other words, Mithra was the latest and greatest in a long line of ever greater gods based on the then current understanding of the physical universe. It is easy to see how the christians of that time co-oped him to be a part of their mythos just as they presently presume the observations of evolutionary science support their superstitious nonsense and in centuries past stole all the good religious stories such as the life of Buddha to be saints of their own misrepresentation. (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • Bill Findlay (e-mail of September 12, 2005)

The relevant sense of _co-opt_ in this substitution seems to be “win over”, with some elements of “elect as a fellow member of a group” and “take for one’s own use” mixed in. There is a semantic overlap with _co-op_, referring to a group of people who co-operate. For some writers, _co-op_ is apparently the more transparent or familiar term.

| Comments Off link | entered by Chris Waigl, 2005/09/12 |

sole » soul

Chiefly in:   soul rights

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • EMI records has issued DJ Danger Mouse a “cease and desist” order, claiming that they have the soul rights to the “White Album”. (goteenforums.com, Mar. 17, 2004)
  • NOTE: from LadyJaye — this lovely poem has been removed because I was threatened that sharing it with you is copyright infringement. I was informed that only one person (who happens to sell Jenny Joseph items, such as red hats, etc, has soul rights to the copyright. (link)
  • White Winds is very proud to have soul rights to sell UK made versions of many of David Lawrence’s pieces. (whitewinds.co.uk)
  • The lesser guy gets the rights and teams up with Nintendo and basically gives Nintendo soul rights. Nintendo then goes and sues the other company (the one with all the clout) for releasing the game under false rights. (The Holtonian, blog, April 21, 2005)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • Bill Findlay (e-mail of September 12, 2005)

“Sole rights” might be rights that are intimately tied to the very nature of the copyright-protected work.

| 2 comments | link | entered by Chris Waigl, 2005/09/12 |

ad » and

Chiefly in:   reductio and absurdum , per aspera and astra , and libitum , and infinitum , and hominem , and hoc , and nauseam

Classification: English – cross-language

Spotted in the wild:

  • My theory was dismissed right out there by ‘reductio and absurdum’. (link)
  • Proudhon had only to skim through a Ricardian treatise to understand just enough of it to be able to show that political economy was a reductio and absurdum of private property instead of a justification of it. (G B Shaw, Fabian Essays in Socialism, Humboldt, New York, 1891)
  • If you haven’t noticed before, the trumpet theme in Mahler’s Fifth is similar to Beethoven’s motto in his Fifth. Bernd Buechtner says, “In this sense Mahler’s Fifth is also a dialogue with Beethoven’s Fifth, and Mahler’s symphony is likewise organized ‘per aspera and astra’–through night into day.” (gramophone.co.uk forum, Feb 4, 2005)
  • All elephants have access to clean, fresh timothy and libitum, or free choice, throughout the day and are fed enough hay to last them through the night. (Columbus Zoo)
  • Flexible and-hoc analysis with unique drill down and drill across capability allows companies to dive down into individual metrics, transactions and discreet elements; (link)
  • In addition, unless you ask us not to, we may use the information to:
    update you about the organisation and its programmes and services, such as annual subscription material, or details of and hoc events, and to inform you about products, services and events by other organisations in which you may be interested. (Australian Ballet)
  • but then what was that thing? and what caused it? and what was the thing that caused the thing that caused the thing that caused the world? and so on and infinitum, leaving us with what might well seem like a bunch quaint or even pathetic and desperate attempts to make sense of a world that resists making sense. (link)
  • You may not like to hear the story of Yajnavalka here, but it fits in nicely according to the form of logical argument called “argumentum and hominem” - that means argumenting from basic propositions or premises supplied by the opponent - things like that. (link)
  • In their posts and and-hominem attacks in the comments sections on some liberal blogs they showed us just how philistine, viscious and mean-spirited some of these guys really are. (link)
  • The “Media” spends time and nauseam on murder cases and alike, burning up billions of kilowatts of electrical power in their transmitters without any sane reason. (link)
  • We heard arguments and nauseam about accessibility, variable fees, and the like; but nothing about upholding a principle, and maintaining trust with the people. (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • commenter Simon (on this site, suggested "reductio and absurdum")

See also ad » at.

| Comments Off link | entered by Ben Zimmer, 2005/09/12 |