spark » sparkle

Chiefly in:   sparkle protests (etc.)

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • The much criticised bi-annual DSEi (Europe’s largest arms fair) ran from 13-16th September in London, sparkling protests in and around the East End docklands and other parts of the UK. (Indymedia, Sep 17, 2005)
  • Already twenty years ago his first real film Luger sparkled controversy, because of van Gogh’s cruelty to animals. (Militant Islam Monitor.org, December 6, 2004)
  • The Supreme Court recently ruled that those who prescribe or take medicinal marijuana can be prosecuted under federal law. That decision sparkled protests from many, including Nashua Telegraph columnist Stacy Milbouer, who in her recent column admits to smoking marijuana for medical reasons. (Here & Now, June 28, 2005)
  • The killing sparkled a series of violent incidents, as hundredsof agitated demonstrators smashed some passing vehicles, torched carriages of a train, uprooted rail tracks, set fire to a cinema hall, vandalized shops amid conflicts with police in Tongi. (People's Daily Online (China), May 08, 2004)
  • Fears of a repeat of the chaos of five years ago have already sparkled a wave of panic buying at petrol stations across the UK. (This Is Money (UK), Sep 14, 2005)

Analyzed or reported by:

Watch the sparks sparkle.

| Comments Off link | entered by Chris Waigl, 2005/09/20 |

Hobson's » Hobbesian

Chiefly in:   Hobbesian choice

Classification: English – questionable

Spotted in the wild:

  • “George [W. Bush]’s current dilemma is a classic Hobbesian choice, which is no choice at all, the name of which derives from Thomas Hobbes’ belief that man must choose between living in a state of nature (a life which is ’solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short’) or suffering under an arbitrary and absolute government…” (Letter to the New York Times from John A. Viterriti, 1/28/05, p. A20)
  • “In ‘Winning Cases, Losing Voters’ (Op-Ed, Jan. 26), Paul Starr presents the Democratic Party with the Hobbesian choice of living by its convictions [AMZ: and losing votes] or compromising its principles in order to get more votes.” (link)
  • “EPA did not make a Hobbesian choice when they banned EDB.” (Letter to the Wall Street Journal by Robert F. Harbrandt, 10 April 1984)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • Various contributors (STUMPERS mailing list, July 2003)
  • Arnold Zwicky (American Dialect Society mailing list, 28/29 January 2005)
  • Mark Liberman, on Language Log, 19 February 2005 (link)

There are expressions that have eggcorns in their history — “cockroach”, “humble pie”, “muskrat”, to choose three of many examples from Michael Quinion’s Ballyhoo, Buckaroo, and Spuds — but have now lost all tinges of their etymological sources. The eggcorn database would be be considerably swollen if we catalogued the reinterpretations that have gone to completion for all English speakers (except etymological enthusiasts). But every so often a hard nut comes along, and “Hobbesian choice” is one of them.

“Hobson’s choice”, for no choice at all, has been around since 1660, during the lifetime of the inflexible stable-keeper Hobson (c. 1544-1631), an otherwise unremarkable and minor figure in history. OED2 has the adjective “Hobbesian” (from the name of political philosopher Thomas Hobbes, whose Leviathan was published in 1660) from 1776, but no cites at all for “Hobbesian choice”. So far the earliest cite for “Hobbesian choice” is the Wall Street Journal letter from 1984 (from the 2003 STUMPERS-L discussion). Perhaps the hounds of antedating will find an earlier cite, but it seems unlikely that it will get pushed back more than twenty years — still very very much later than 1660.

The obvious interpretation of these facts, which I suggested in my ADS-L postings and Mark Liberman proposed in his Language Log posting, is that Hobbes’s name got grafted onto Hobson’s, thanks to the phonological similarity in their names and to Hobbes’s much greater reputation. That’s some kind of malaprop, perhaps even an eggcorn.

But “Hobbesian” now seems to have an independent life of its own, with some sort of reference to Hobbes’s ideas, not just his name. Exactly what this reference is depends on who you read: a choice between life in the state of nature and life under an arbitrary and absolute government, as Viterriti has it in the first cite; a choice between nasty, brutish, and short, as Larry Horn waggishly suggested on ADS-L; or a choice between any two unacceptable alternatives (as in the second cite, from a 25 October 2003 column by Edgar J. Steele), which amounts to no choice at all (an idea explicit in Viterriti’s letter). This last possibility brings us back to Hobson, suggesting that “Hobson’s choice” might still play a role for some people in the interpretation of “Hobbesian choice”.

To further complicate matters, the citation that Liberman led with on Language Log — from a New York Magazine column by Kurt Anderson — turns out to have involved what Anderson later claimed was a clever pun.

So it’s a real possibility that some people are producing “Hobbesian choice” as a jokey play on “Hobson’s Choice”; that others have (eggcornically) replaced the obscure “Hobson’s” by the more familiar “Hobbesian”; and that still others simply have two expressions, somewhat related in meaning: “Hobson’s choice”, an opaque idiom, versus “Hobbesian choice”, with an allusion to the ideas of Hobbes.

| Comments Off link | entered by Arnold Zwicky, 2005/09/19 |

adverse » averse

Classification: English – questionable

Spotted in the wild:

  • “But extremely averse circumstances are rare.'’ While Kagan concedes that severe neglect can have grave developmental consequences,…” (link)
  • “… at the age of 15 due to boredom and strong averse reaction to preppy private school. Had similar strong averse reaction to working in Corporate America.” (link)
  • “… recommend appropriate measures to avoid averse consequences for the enjoyment of human rights in the imposition and maintenance of economic sanctions.” (link)

The reverse of “averse” >> “adverse”, and apparently rarer than it; see that entry for discussion. Fiske’s Dictionary of Disagreeable English, however, treats this direction of substitution as the more common one, citing examples of “averse effects”, “averse reactions”, and “averse weather”. Google searches do not bear out Fiske’s assessment of relative frequency. Still, it’s not hard to find hundreds of examples.

The question is whether this is mere word confusion — perhaps encouraged by advice to avoid the substitution “averse” >> “adverse”! — or an actual eggcorn. As far as I can tell, this comes down to the question of whether some people see a connection between “averse” and “aversion” and import “averse” into contexts like ” — circumstances” and ” — weather” so as to highlight the unwelcome nature of the circumstances, weather, etc. I’m not at all sure that this has happened, and so have marked this entry as questionable.

| Comments Off link | entered by Arnold Zwicky, 2005/09/15 |

cinch » synch

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • But yeah, Wordpress is a synch to get going locally, and it means you can testdrive designs, plugins, the whole shebang. (Chocolate and Vodka blog, comment, Sep 15, 2005)
  • Elderflower Champagne is a synch to make, don’t know why more people don’t bother. You only need a few elderflower heads to make it. (A Spoonful of Sugar blog, comment, November 23, 2004)
  • The point is, I suck at gadgets unless it is breaking them and FinePix Digital Camera 2650 is a synch to use. (epinions.com, camera review, May 01, 2004)
  • Mega Bloks are great. They come in joyful colors such as red, yellow, blue and green. They are easy to connect together and are a synch to take apart. (epinions.com, product review, May 26, 2001)
  • It was a synch to load up CD’s and their associated labels into the CD 80 storage case. (Audioholics.com, product review, July 19, 2004)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • Kevin Marks (on IRC, September 15, 2005)

It makes sense that _synch_ should denote particular ease of use or execution.

| Comments Off link | entered by Chris Waigl, 2005/09/15 |

lactose » lack toast

Chiefly in:   lack toast intolerant , lack toast and tolerant

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • Everyone likes cheese! And those people who don’t, those lack toast intolerant people, they are aliens! Jeeze I’m good. I mean, cheese I’m good!” […] No offense intended for lack toast intolerant people. (link)
  • Let me put it this way pretend you’re lack toast in tolerant and the movie was a glass of milk, you’d have one bad stomach ache but feel 50 pounds lighter after leaving the bathroom I mean theater I mean. (link)
  • I like this one, but it also makes me sad, I think I might be lack toast n tolerant… I get bad tummy aches, but if you ask me i think it’s worth it. (Manga Academy forum, Jul 31, 2004)
  • I think i am lack toast n tolerant…. Everytime i intake a diary product( a product with milk in it) I get sick… (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • Michael Quinion (for the double eggcorn "lack toast and tolerant") (World Wide Words newsletter, August 20, 2005, citing Michael McKernan)

This rather astonishing reshaping has been noted repeatedly, mostly in the double-eggcorn form _lack toast and tolerant_. The blogger at Davezilla.com reports having “heard [_lack toast and tolerant_] at work”, and at the Daily Trojan site, Jason Levy tells a jocular — and maybe invented — story about a childhood misunderstanding of his:

> When I was little and overheard adults discussing lactose intolerance, I misheard the sounds. I thought you suffered from a condition called “Lack Toast Intolerance.” Today I realize that lactose is a vital organic molecule whose deficiency causes a great deal of harm, but at the time I thought you just really enjoyed toast.

Web searches show that _lack toast and tolerant_ is several times more common than the single eggcorn _lack toast intolerant_ (ca. 80 vs. ca. 30 Ghits), even if we account for puns, second-hand reports and sites quoting Michael Quinion’s newsletter.

See also the separate entry _intolerant » and tolerant_.

[An email discussion with Arnold Zwicky helped clear up this reshaping.]

| Comments Off link | entered by Chris Waigl, 2005/09/15 |