baling » bailing

Chiefly in:   bailing wire

Classification: English – nearly mainstream

Spotted in the wild:

  • If bandages and bailing wire make life a little better, that’s fine. (Theology Today, Oct. 1970)
  • “It was all spit and bailing wire. I should say spit and telephone wire,'’ says Bill Hayward ‘51, a KOCN pioneer as a graduate student. (Oberlin Alumni Magazine, Spring 2001)
  • He “draws” his shadows from old heavy-duty bailing wire used primarily for binding large steel beams before being loaded onto ships. (Rensselaer Magazine, Winter 2003)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • A. Murie (sagehen) on the American Dialect Society listserv, 18 Jun 2005 (link)

These days, _ba(i)ling wire_ is often used metaphorically to describe how a jury-rigged solution is held together. As the original use of the wire for making bales has faded from general memory, so has the original spelling — Googlehits for _baling wire_ are now rivaled by those for _bailing wire_ (about 35K to 20K).

Commenter Sally Cassil notes that the verbs _bale_ and _bail_ are frequently confused:

I have recently seen several references to pilots “baling out” of airplanes, or people having to “bale” water out of a leaking boat. As far as I know, “bale” as a noun refers to a large “package’ of hay, and, as a verb, to the process of getting the hay into such packages. One “bails” out of a plane if it’s crashing, and also bails water from a flooded boat.

| Comments Off link | entered by Ben Zimmer, 2005/06/19 |

peremptory » pre-emptory

Chiefly in:   pre-emptory challenge

Variant(s):  preemptory

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • “The attorney might make a challenge for cause , or exercise a pre-emptory challenge.” (link)
  • “Neither party shall be entitled to pre-emptory challenge. as to any of said six jurors, but if any of said six jurors are found to be disqualified by …” (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • Alison Murie (American Dialect Society mailing list, 17 June 2005)

Murie: “On NPR this evening, reporting on a guilty verdict just returned, several references to “pre-emptory challenges” exercised in the jury selection.”

Paul Brians (Common Errors in English) cautions:

“Peremptory” (meaning “imperative” ) is often misspelled and mispronounced “preemptory” through confusion caused by the influence of the verb “preempt,” whose adjectival form is actually “preemptive.” “Preemptory” exists only as an obscure legal term you’re not likely to have use for.

Ca. 170 Google webhits on “pre-emptory challenge”, vs. ca. 26,400 for “peremptory challenge” (some from law dictionaries).

| 1 comment | link | entered by Arnold Zwicky, 2005/06/18 |

downright » darn right

Classification: English – /r/-dropping

Spotted in the wild:

  • “Carrying a backpack with a sunburned back or shoulders will be darn right painful.” (link)
  • About Vicks VapoRub: “Ahh! Icy cool. Just like a Peppermint Patty. Is this soothing or darn right uncomfortable?” (link)
  • “Adventure is the key to a full, rich life. When broadly defined, it can be incorporated in every nook and cranny of a person’s being. Adventure is electrifying, energizing and, well… darn right scary at times.” (link)
  • “The skiing, even during good snow conditions, is challenging. During bad snow conditions it can be darn right dangerous.” (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • James Callan (American Dialect Society mailing list, 17 June 2005)

Citations provided by Callan in his ADS-L posting. Many thousands of Google hits, though some are for “darn right” as a euphemized “damn right”, a usage that undoubtedly contributed to “downright” >> “darn right”.

| Comments Off link | entered by Arnold Zwicky, 2005/06/18 |

discard » disguard

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • Any materials remaining in the case when the reservation is concluded will be emptied and disguarded. (GWU Marvin Center Operating Policies)
  • We discuss our reasons for accepting or disguarding each candidate data set. (Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Feb. 1997)
  • The data used in our spectral analysis are shown as filled circles; the data disguarded owing to problems with the current ASCA calibration are overlaid as open circles.

    There is a significant excess of emission suggestive of an additional emission line just above 8 keV (this shows up in both the GISs whose data we used, and examination of the disguarded SIS data in this range also revealed the line component). (Astrophysical Journal, Nov. 2001)
  • These can be easily removed and disguarded and will help to reduce some of the population for next year. (LSU AgCenter, May 10, 2005)

Some instances of _disguard_ may also be influenced by _disregard_.

| Comments Off link | entered by Ben Zimmer, 2005/06/18 |

whence » whenst

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • It is sad at times, to find not only students but instructors that forget from whenst they came. (Green Dragon Dispatch, Jan. 1, 1994)
  • Be gone, denizens of the nether regions! Back to the wallow from whenst thou came…. And taketh thy foul spawn with ye…. (Blog for America, Nov. 8, 2003)
  • That’s far more than she and Paris were paying, but far less than market in the city, which its astronomical rental prices even after the dotcom bust and 9/11 drove heaps of unemployed workers back from whenst they came. (American Idle, Sep. 10, 2004)
  • From Whenst Thou Comest
    What website did you visit just prior to hitting KUR? (Kill Ugly Radio, Nov. 27, 2004)

_Whenst_ often appears as a quasi-poetic or archaistic form of _when_, apparently on the model of _whilst_ — with extra reinforcement from archaic 2nd-person singular verb forms ending in _-(e)st_. But the eggcornier usage of _whenst_ is as a replacement for _whence_ (now typically appearing only in the frozen phrase “[from] whence X came”). The composition of the term is interpreted as _when_ plus the archaic-sounding suffix _-st_. (_Whence_ and _when_ are etymologically related, but only in the distant past — they both derive from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic adverb *hwan-.)

| Comments Off link | entered by Ben Zimmer, 2005/06/17 |