wreak » reek

Chiefly in:   reek havoc

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • High winds coupled with blowing sand produced limited visibility and reeked havoc in Garza County yesterday afternoon. (link)
  • Please do not use this to reek havoc in the 10th floor lab. (link)
  • I, like most, despair that our system, which allows most parties elected to government without a true mandate (ie they don’t have much more than a 40% 1st preference vote which means that most electors didn’t want them in power!), to reek havoc in legislation when elected. (Rob Pillar, Family First Party candidate for Makin, AU)
  • If this teenager wins the case (God forbid) it will be a licence for every trouble making “sacred young,” to reek havoc with complete impunity. (link)
  • In my college years I was on the pill, and my senior year I stopped taking it. As is now more known with PCOD the skin and hair follicles can reek havoc when not regulated, and that year I noticed a few stay hairs on my chin, down my side burns, and the hair above my lip was getting a little darker. (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

The reanalysis is a little hazy in this case. What is clear is that the meaning of _reek_ is becoming obscured. Citing AHD4:

> INTRANSITIVE VERB: 1. To smoke, steam, or fume. 2. To be pervaded by something unpleasant: “This document … reeks of self-pity and self-deception” (Christopher Hitchens). 3. To give off or become permeated with a strong unpleasant odor: “Grandma, who reeks of face powder and lilac water” (Garrison Keillor).
> TRANSITIVE VERB: 1. To emit or exude (smoke, for example). 2. To process or treat by exposing to the action of smoke.

On the other hand, the verb _wreak_ is now rather rare as well.

Maybe there is a semantic blend involved, with the figurative sense of _reek of [something]_, ie _have an aspect suggestive of [something]_, which rarely invokes the olfactory sense.

See also wreck havoc.

| 1 comment | link | entered by Chris Waigl, 2005/02/25 |

wind chill » windshield

Chiefly in:   windshield factor

Variant(s):  wind shield factor

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • Oh what joy, this hibiscus bloom has brought to me during this frigidly cold winter that we are experiencing. With the windshield factor, it is minus 41 below zero Farenheit in lovely southwestern Quebec. How I miss the warmth of the garden! (gardenbuddies.com)
  • Obviously, it will be the coldest when crossing the pass, where strong winds can make the wind shield factor even much worse than the actual temperature. (link)
  • On December 20, at noon, when this picture was taken on the McGill campus, it was -26 degrees with a windshield factor of -40. (link)
  • Compute how cold wind feels. Every microclimate depends on several factors that make the particular location warmer and less damaging to plants during freezes. The most important is the windshield factor. The following chart gives you an idea of how much draft can reduce the temperature or how much of a difference a protective blanket will make. (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

  • This was discussed in 1998 on alt.usage.english (the exact reference is missing)
  • commenter codeman38 (on this site)

Several people report online that they learnt the standard spelling and meaning of this term somewhat late in life. This is an example:

> I used to think that the wind-chill factor was the wind-shield factor, and that when you touched the windshield of your car, that’s what temperature it felt.

See also Winchell factor.

| 1 comment | link | entered by Chris Waigl, 2005/02/25 |

roughshod » roughshot

Chiefly in:   run roughshot , ride roughshot

Classification: English – /t/-flapping

Spotted in the wild:

  • Middle class America did show this nation that the corporations and the wealthy in this country should no longer run roughshot, and legally outspend to purchase innocence. However, what will the ‘official Christian perspective’ say? (link)
  • Uh dude!!!! Ashcroft is not riding roughshot over state anything. Ashcroft is perfectly within his rights to order his subordinates (US Attorneys) to seek the death penalty. (TalkLeft, comment)
  • Faculty above the law? Administrators running roughshot over common sense rules? Libby thinks not! (Gettysburg College, Library pages)
  • The island from which Japanese fighters were able to run roughshot over Allied bombers on their way to Japan, now served as a safe haven for wounded planes returning from combat, saving (astonishingly) many more American lives than were cost in the battle. (link)

299 Google hits for _run roughshot_ and 99 hits for _ride roughshot_.

AHD4 defines _roughshod_:

> ADJECTIVE: 1. Shod with horseshoes having projecting nails or points to prevent slipping. 2. Marked by brutal force: Stalin’s roughshod treatment of the kulaks.
> IDIOM: _ride roughshod over_ To treat with brutal force: a manager who rode roughshod over all opposition.

| 1 comment | link | entered by Ben Zimmer, 2005/02/25 |

expatriate » expatriot

Variant(s):  ex-patriot; expatriotism

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • After a few days relaxing on the beach we headed inland to the beautifully maintained rain forests of Costa Rica. We rented a car (Toyota RAV4) and drove to the Monteverde Reserve - an area originally settled by expatriot Quakers who intentionally preserved a third of their land to leave wild. (link)
  • “I thought we could take part in our own ballot, which (British Prime Minister Tony) Blair is supposed to be organising next year. But as I live here it seems that’s not the case, so people like me are excluded,” said Barbara, an expatriot in her 60s from the Welsh city of Swansea. (AFP, via EU Business, UK, 2005/02/14)
  • The two Iraqi-born U.S. citizens traveled recently to the expatriot polling center in the Detroit suburb of Southgate to register. Dawoody says he won’t vote, but Mandwee is enthusiastic about it. (Kalamazoo Gazette, MI, USA, January 26, 2005)
  • Simone’s story is an often-told one, so I won’t belabor you with rehashing her legendary irascibleness or her protest of American policies as a long-standing exile as an ex-patriot in Paris, but if you are interested in that stuff, follow the link below. (link)
  • One Glendale man took part in this historic vote by casting his ballot in California Sunday. Although, the drive was approximately 14 hours roundtrip, Hussan Altaee felt it was well worth it. Hussan left Iraq 15 years ago to become a refugee in Saudi- Arabia then a U.S. Citizen and Iraqi ex-patriot. (KPHO Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2005/01/30)
  • Expatriotism is not enough… […] She’s always had the shimmering glamour of an expatriot, but now I have more! My city is cooler than yours! […] On the subject of expatriotism. I never realised I was one until I went home for Christmas this winter. [….] I have begun to detest being a foreigner here even though it sometimes feels every other person in London is from elsewhere. But being an expatriot is infinitely worse. […] The worst kind of expatriot is the expatriot journalist, or foreign correspondent - they are not merely arrogant and patronising but they spread their expatriot views for a job! The best kind of expatriot is your grandfather’s cousin who left for America in 1888 and hasn’t been heard from since. (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

| 2 comments | link | entered by Chris Waigl, 2005/02/25 |

copy writer » copyrighter

Variant(s):  copy righter

Classification: English

Spotted in the wild:

  • Andrew is 22 and is from Glasgow. He has been a freelance copyrighter for the past 2 years, but is considering going back to university to study communication and mass media. (BBC Talents)
  • God this is a crap website. You should consider getting it redesigned by professionals. Your content is lacking in structure and is gramatically incorrect in parts. I suggest a copy righter be used in future. (comment on a blog)
  • Discover how to become an effective internet copyrighter. Download this free eBook to your PC. (2createawebsite.com)
  • Basically I am a one man shop, but for a couple of bigger projects I have lined up I am playing around with the idea of outsourcing a graphic designer and a copyrighter. (link)

Analyzed or reported by:

There seems to be an increasing conflation between _copyright_ and _copywriting_ (the occupation of a _copy writer_). The examples above all use _copyrighter_ where there reference is a person employed to write advertising or publicity copy.

In other cases _copyrighter_ is used in the sense of _copyright holder_, but most of these writers appear to be non-native speakers.

See copyright»copywrite.

| 1 comment | link | entered by Chris Waigl, 2005/02/25 |